Huriya Publishing
Creative Team
REEM AGIL, AUTHOR, holds her Sudanese-Nubian heritage close to her heart with a deep sense of pride. She served as the Head of Humanities at Khartoum International Community School and the IGCSE & IB Business Management teacher. Her passion for education and community enrichment led her to pursue a master’s degree from the Harvard Graduate School of Education where she specialized in Education Leadership, Organizations, and Entrepreneurship, with a focus on Identity, Power, and Justice in Education. She is dedicated to cultivating learning environments and empowering marginalized voices exemplifying her unwavering commitment to driving positive change within education systems.
WHITNEY WARREN, AUTHOR, worked at the Khartoum International Community School from 2016-2018 as a first grade teacher. She was a classroom teacher for nine years- teaching kindergarten, first and second grade at international schools around the world. Whitney is from the United States and holds an Ed.M. in International Education Policy and Analysis from the Harvard Graduate School of Education and a M.A.T. from the University of Georgia in Early Childhood Education. She currently works as the Chief Education Officer for Building Tomorrow. Whitney focuses on equitable access to quality education, well-being, and foundational learning.
YOUSIF KHALID HASOON, ILLUSTRATOR, is an 11-year old Sudanese-American sixth grader. He possesses a profound love for gaming, swimming, playing soccer and drawing with a unique ability to perceive the world through an introspective lens. He hopes his illustrations of the Sudanese revolution in “Amira’s Diary” will provide further insight, critical thinking, and a call to action for all those impacted by this war.
AMANDA KATE DEIBERT, ILLUSTRATOR, is an US American arts educator, who taught at the Khartoum International Community School in Sudan. She lived in Khartoum with her husband and young son. Amanda felt a deep connection to the Sudanese people and the country, and envisioned Sudan as a long-term home. However, when the conflict erupted, Amanda and her family found themselves forced to flee to Egypt, tracing a path similar to the journey depicted in Amira’s Diary. Amanda wants to highlight the significance of elevating Sudanese voices and narratives through her art, aiming to foster a deep sense of understanding and empathy among the global community.
MA’AB TAJ, ILLUSTRATOR, is a Sudanese artist who has had to flee Khartoum. Prior to leaving Khartoum, she worked as an art teacher at the Khartoum International Community School, as well as a designer and painter at Toubs. Her art reflects her visions and hopes for the Sudanese people. She is passionate about the rights of women, minorities, and marginalized communities. You can find examples of Ma’ab’s art on our website as her original works had to be left behind in Khartoum and sadly, the copies did not have the needed quality to print her pieces in the book.
When writing Amira’s Diary, Reem and Whitney wanted to create a narrative that reflected the realities of life in Sudan, while infusing the emotional depth and complexity that can only come from the firsthand experiences of those that escaped the terrors of this war. In order to do this, we conducted three in-depth narrative interviews. We spoke with each participant for between one and half to three hours. We want to thank the following people for sharing their stories with us.
HIBA ALI, INTERVIEWEE, a Sudanese mother of three, currently resides in Cairo with her family, having been compelled to leave Sudan amidst a colossal humanitarian and displacement crisis resulting from the war. With over 15 years of expertise in Social and Behavior Change, Programme Management, Strategic and Government Communication, CSR, and Sustainability, she serves as a Social Behavior Change Specialist. Her invaluable contribution to this book extends beyond personal narrative, aiming to encapsulate the collective experiences of millions of Sudanese individuals who have endured extensive losses, including their homeland, cherished memories, and sense of belonging.
SAFA BABIKIR, INTERVIEWEE, is an educator, researcher, and writer who is from Sudan, and raised between Qatar and the United States. Babikir’s diverse upbringing has strongly influenced her career trajectory, guiding her towards the intersection of culture and politics. Her academic pursuits led her to pursue a degree in Education Leadership, Organizations and Entrepreneurship from the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Her deep-rooted passion for understanding and addressing complex societal issues fuels her commitment to effecting meaningful change in educational spheres globally.
MOHAMMED OSMAN, INTERVIEWEE, is a dedicated father, husband, educator, and an adept translator with a wealth of experience in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP), including at the Khartoum International Community School. His unwavering commitment lies in ensuring the holistic development and welfare of students and youth under his guidance. Osman holds a Bachelor’s degree in English Language and Literature from Omdurman Ahlia University and a master’s degree in English/Arabic translation from the University of Bahri, enriching his pedagogical and linguistic prowess.
Furthermore, we recognize the invaluable insights gained from sharing excerpts of the book with the Sudanese diaspora. We invited ten additional Sudanese readers to share their feedback and perspectives on the book, allowing us to refine and enrich the narrative with a deeper understanding of Sudanese culture, language, and lived experiences. Their input helped us to ensure the authenticity and sensitivity of the portrayal of Sudanese characters and their stories, while also providing valuable historical context and cultural nuances that enhanced the overall depth and richness of the book. Thank you to these readers for their time and for helping make Amira’s Diary stronger.
First Hand Narratives
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
In addition to the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as these should guide most of your discussion.
Discussion Question:
- Why might it be a problem that the bread and gas are more expensive?
Historical Context: Sudan was in the midst of an economic crisis...
Discussion Questions:
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country...
Discussion Questions:
- Why did the government turn the internet off?
- How can the internet be a powerful tool for bringing people together?
Historical Context: The negotiations between the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and civilian groups were still going...
Discussion Question:
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult...
Discussion Questions:
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
Historical Context: The Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration...
Discussion Questions:
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
Historical Context: An important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place...
Discussion Question:
- Even though they were scared to go outside, Amira’s family all wanted to be in the same house. Why do you think they were willing to risk traveling to be together?
Historical Context: The war in Sudan continues, with the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) gaining control of many parts of the country....
Discussion Question:
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy...
Discussion Questions:
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy...
Discussion Question:
- What will happen to Amira’s family if they can’t get medicine, food or water?
Historical Context: The war in Sudan continues...
Discussion Questions:
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe?
- What do you think makes a good country?
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again...
Discussion Questions:
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
Historical Context: A war started in Sudan...
Discussion Questions:
- How do you think Amira and her family felt having to leave Khartoum?
- Amira brought one suitcase when she left Khartoum. What would you pack in only one bag?
Historical Context: Food, water, medicine, and fuel shortages were severe in Sudan...
Discussion Question:
- What do you think will happen to the people who cannot afford a bus ticket or who didn’t have a visa to get into Egypt?
Historical Context: Bombs and shooting in the Khartoum region became worse...
Discussion Question:
- How do you think Amira’s family is feeling now that they are on a bus headed towards Egypt and away from their home?
Historical Context: Amid ongoing air raids and internal conflicts in Sudan’s North and Nile states, the situation remains dire...
Discussion Questions:
- Why do you think the buses were fighting to go first in the line?
- How do you think the family that had to separate at the border felt?
Historical Context: The Egyptian border was inundated with a surge of thousands seeking entry...
Discussion Questions:
- What does it mean to be a refugee?
- Amira and her family are safe, but what challenges will they face now?
Historical Context: After crossing the border, individuals found themselves confronted with yet another arduous journey...
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
Following the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child(ren)’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as they should guide most of your discussion.
12 January 2018
Historical Context: On 12 January 2018, Sudan was in the midst of an economic crisis, after years of internal conflicts. The economic hardship led to soaring prices of basic commodities such as bread and gas. The government tried to address the economic issues by stopping giving money to businesses, which further drove up the prices and caused the people to be frustrated.
- Why might it be a problem that the bread and gas are more expensive?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
2 August 2019
25 October 2021
15 December 2021
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
16 June 2022
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
21 December 2022
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
15 April 2023
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
17 April 2019
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
15 December 2018
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
22 June 2019
Historical Context: The negotiations between the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and civilian groups were still going, with the goal of forming a transitional government. Tensions remained high because earlier in June, the military ended the civilian sit-in outside the military headquarters, killing many people, and turned the internet off, further breaking the trust between the military and civilians. The political dialogue and negotiations during this time were part of the broader effort to move Sudan towards a more inclusive and democratic government.
- Why did the government turn the internet off?
- How can the internet be a powerful tool for bringing people together?
6 April 2019
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
30 June 2020
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
Following the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child(ren)’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as they should guide most of your discussion.
15 December 2018
15 December 2018
6 April 2019
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
22 June 2019
Historical Context: The negotiations between the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and civilian groups were still going, with the goal of forming a transitional government. Tensions remained high because earlier in June, the military ended the civilian sit-in outside the military headquarters, killing many people, and turned the internet off, further breaking the trust between the military and civilians. The political dialogue and negotiations during this time were part of the broader effort to move Sudan towards a more inclusive and democratic government.
- Why did the government turn the internet off?
- How can the internet be a powerful tool for bringing people together?
25 October 2021
17 April 2019
30 June 2020
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
2 August 2019
15 December 2021
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
16 June 2022
21 December 2022
15 April 2023
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
Following the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child(ren)’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as they should guide most of your discussion.
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
22 June 2019
Historical Context: The negotiations between the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and civilian groups were still going, with the goal of forming a transitional government. Tensions remained high because earlier in June, the military ended the civilian sit-in outside the military headquarters, killing many people, and turned the internet off, further breaking the trust between the military and civilians. The political dialogue and negotiations during this time were part of the broader effort to move Sudan towards a more inclusive and democratic government.
- Why did the government turn the internet off?
- How can the internet be a powerful tool for bringing people together?
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
25 October 2021
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
21 December 2022
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
17 April 2019
30 June 2020
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
2 August 2019
15 December 2021
16 June 2022
15 April 2023
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
dato
dato
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
Following the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child(ren)’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as they should guide most of your discussion.
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
17 April 2019
22 June 2019
30 June 2020
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
Historical Context: The negotiations between the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and civilian groups were still going, with the goal of forming a transitional government. Tensions remained high because earlier in June, the military ended the civilian sit-in outside the military headquarters, killing many people, and turned the internet off, further breaking the trust between the military and civilians. The political dialogue and negotiations during this time were part of the broader effort to move Sudan towards a more inclusive and democratic government.
- Why did the government turn the internet off?
- How can the internet be a powerful tool for bringing people together?
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
2 August 2019
25 October 2021
15 December 2021
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
16 June 2022
21 December 2022
15 April 2023
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
dato
dato
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
dato
dato
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
Following the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child(ren)’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as they should guide most of your discussion.
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
Historical Context: The negotiations between the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and civilian groups were still going, with the goal of forming a transitional government. Tensions remained high because earlier in June, the military ended the civilian sit-in outside the military headquarters, killing many people, and turned the internet off, further breaking the trust between the military and civilians. The political dialogue and negotiations during this time were part of the broader effort to move Sudan towards a more inclusive and democratic government.
- Why did the government turn the internet off?
- How can the internet be a powerful tool for bringing people together?
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
2 August 2019
16 June 2022
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
dato
22 June 2019
30 June 2020
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
25 October 2021
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
21 December 2022
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
15 December 2021
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
15 April 2023
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
dato
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
17 April 2019
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
Following the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child(ren)’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as they should guide most of your discussion.
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
2 August 2019
16 June 2022
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
dato
22 June 2019
30 June 2020
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
25 October 2021
15 December 2021
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
21 December 2022
15 April 2023
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
dato
17 April 2019
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
Following the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child(ren)’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as they should guide most of your discussion.
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
17 April 2019
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
2 August 2019
16 June 2022
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
22 June 2019
30 June 2020
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
25 October 2021
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
21 December 2022
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
15 December 2021
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
15 April 2023
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
dato
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
Following the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child(ren)’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as they should guide most of your discussion.
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
17 April 2019
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
2 August 2019
16 June 2022
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
22 June 2019
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
25 October 2021
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
21 December 2022
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
dato
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
30 June 2020
15 December 2021
15 April 2023
dato
dato
dato
dato
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
Following the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child(ren)’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as they should guide most of your discussion.
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
17 April 2019
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
2 August 2019
16 June 2022
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
22 June 2019
30 June 2020
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
25 October 2021
15 December 2021
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
15 April 2023
21 December 2022
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
Following the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child(ren)’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as they should guide most of your discussion.
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
17 April 2019
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
2 August 2019
16 June 2022
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
22 June 2019
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
25 October 2021
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
21 December 2022
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
30 June 2020
15 December 2021
15 April 2023
dato
dato
dato
dato
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
Following the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child(ren)’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as they should guide most of your discussion.
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
17 April 2019
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
2 August 2019
16 June 2022
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
22 June 2019
30 June 2020
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
25 October 2021
15 December 2021
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
15 April 2023
21 December 2022
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
Following the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child(ren)’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as they should guide most of your discussion.
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
17 April 2019
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
2 August 2019
16 June 2022
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
22 June 2019
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
25 October 2021
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
21 December 2022
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
30 June 2020
15 December 2021
15 April 2023
dato
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
Following the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child(ren)’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as they should guide most of your discussion.
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
Historical Context:
The war in Sudan continues, with the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) gaining control of many parts of the country. Many people started to leave Khartoum as the fighting became worse. Foreign embassies in Khartoum shut down and stopped giving visa, passport and travel services, leaving the Sudanese people worried they would be left to fend for themselves.
- Even though they were scared to go outside, Amira’s family all wanted to be in the same house. Why do you think they were willing to risk traveling to be together?
17 April 2019
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
2 August 2019
16 June 2022
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
22 June 2019
25 October 2021
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
21 December 2022
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
30 June 2020
15 December 2021
15 April 2023
dato
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
Following the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child(ren)’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as they should guide most of your discussion.
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
Historical Context:
The war in Sudan continues, with the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) gaining control of many parts of the country. Many people started to leave Khartoum as the fighting became worse. Foreign embassies in Khartoum shut down and stopped giving visa, passport and travel services, leaving the Sudanese people worried they would be left to fend for themselves. Over 400 people were killed and over 3,550 people injured even though the Sudanese Army and RSF agreed to stop all fighting for 3 days for the Eid al-Fitr holiday. Airports were shut down, and people didn’t have necessary humanitarian and food aid. Banks closed, making it even more difficult to retrieve the needed funds to flee.
- What will happen to Amira’s family if they can’t get medicine, food or water?
17 April 2019
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
2 August 2019
16 June 2022
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
22 June 2019
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
25 October 2021
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
21 December 2022
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
30 June 2020
15 December 2021
15 April 2023
dato
dato
dato
dato
dato
dato
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
Following the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child(ren)’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as they should guide most of your discussion.
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
Historical Context:
Food, water, medicine, and fuel shortages were severe in Sudan. Omar al-Bashir and other former leaders of the al-Bashir regime were released from prison, despite being wanted by the International Criminal Court for crimes against humanity.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt having to leave Khartoum?
- Amira brought one suitcase when she left Khartoum. What would you pack in only one bag?
17 April 2019
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
2 August 2019
16 June 2022
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
22 June 2019
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
25 October 2021
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
21 December 2022
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
30 June 2020
15 December 2021
15 April 2023
dato
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
Following the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child(ren)’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as they should guide most of your discussion.
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
Historical Context:
Bombs and shooting in the Khartoum region became worse, even though there was another promise to stop fighting. More than 330,000 people were displaced from the Darfur region. Medical staff were not able to reach injured people because of unsafe roads and checkpoints, and because of insufficient medical staff and equipment.
- What do you think will happen to the people who cannot afford a bus ticket or who didn’t have a visa to get into Egypt?
17 April 2019
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
2 August 2019
16 June 2022
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
22 June 2019
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
25 October 2021
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
21 December 2022
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
30 June 2020
15 December 2021
15 April 2023
dato
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
Following the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child(ren)’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as they should guide most of your discussion.
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
Historical Context:
Amid ongoing air raids and internal conflicts in Sudan’s North and Nile states, the situation remains dire. News outlets were reporting that hundreds of individuals are missing, wounded, or deceased as violence persists. Desperate to escape the turmoil, many civilians are utilizing whatever means available to reach safety, often making perilous journeys towards the Egyptian border or neighboring countries. Responding to the urgent humanitarian crisis, organizations like UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO) dispatched essential medical supplies to Port Sudan via aircraft. Additionally, some international support is flowing in, with countries such as Turkey and Qatar providing crucial aid to alleviate some of the suffering of those impacted by the war.
- How do you think Amira’s family is feeling now that they are on a bus headed towards Egypt and away from their home?
17 April 2019
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
2 August 2019
16 June 2022
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
22 June 2019
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
25 October 2021
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
21 December 2022
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
30 June 2020
15 December 2021
15 April 2023
dato
dato
dato
dato
dato
dato
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
Following the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child(ren)’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as they should guide most of your discussion.
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
Historical Context:
The Egyptian border was inundated with a surge of thousands seeking entry, resulting in prolonged waits spanning days, even weeks, in exposed conditions. The price of a bus ticket ranged anywhere from $800 to $1,200 per person, reflecting the high stakes of this nearly 1,000-kilometer journey from the outskirts of Omdurman, Khartoum, to the Egyptian border. Many described this trek as perilous, fraught with dangers particularly when faced with RSF soldiers on-route. Upon arrival at the border, individuals confronted additional hurdles, contending with severe shortages of sustenance, hydration, and basic amenities such as restroom facilities.
- Why do you think the buses were fighting to go first in the line?
- How do you think the family that had to separate at the border felt?
17 April 2019
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
2 August 2019
16 June 2022
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
22 June 2019
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
25 October 2021
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
21 December 2022
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
30 June 2020
15 December 2021
15 April 2023
dato
dato
dato
dato
Discussion Guide & Historical Context
We recommend reading through the entirety of Amira’s Diary independently before you share with your young people. There are many difficult topics covered in this book. We trust the judgment of each reader to know how best to present this material to their children and to use the parts of the book and resources that are most appropriate for their context. This book can be read in one sitting, spread out over days, or encompassed into a larger unit of study.
We also suggest that the adults facilitating this discussion read the historical contexts in the book and those included below before sharing the book with children. If you feel you still need more information to accurately answer questions, please also see the timeline where you will find key dates linked to news articles that should continue to help orient you.
Finally, as this is an ongoing conflict, we strongly encourage you to do an internet search to find the most recent updates so you can better understand the most current situation in Sudan.
The following section includes a brief historical context for each entry in Amira’s Diary. Depending on the age of the child(ren) you are sharing this book with, you can choose to read these aloud, summarize them or simply use them to help you respond to questions the learners might have.
Following the historical context, we have included a discussion question(s). Again, these questions are only a starting place. Ask questions based on your child(ren)’s level and understanding. Be sure to create space for the learners' questions too, as they should guide most of your discussion.
Historical Context: Massive protests were sweeping across the country. The demonstrations, triggered by economic hardships, turned into a broader movement demanding the end of Omar al-Bashir's three-decade-long rule with absolute power as president. A large sit-in began outside the military headquarters in Khartoum, marking a significant escalation in the protests and showing the people's desire for political change. This sit-in would become a symbol of peaceful resistance and an important point for the movement, drawing Sudanese from all around the world together to be united against the government.
- What does freedom, peace and justice look like to you?
- What does it look like to Amira?
Historical Context: The living situation in Sudan became worse due to shortages of bread, fuel, and cash, leading to protests in the streets. These conditions set the stage for what would later escalate into a massive civil uprising, which began just a few days later on 19 December 2018, marking the start of a movement that would eventually lead to the overthrowing of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019.
- Do you know what a protest is?
- Why were the people of Sudan protesting?
Historical Context:
After crossing the border, individuals found themselves confronted with yet another arduous journey. Male travelers were forced to proceed to Wadi Halfa on the Sudanese side in order to obtain a visa, a process that could extend over several weeks, provided they possessed a valid passport or were able to secure passage to Aswan (Southern part of Egypt). Subsequently, they would have to endure a period of rest before embarking on a 12-hour train voyage to Cairo. Many were burdened with the responsibility of caring for elderly relatives who relied on insulin or other essential medications. Tragically, some of these seniors succumbed to the harsh conditions of this journey, necessitating their return, often a four to five-hour journey southward to Dongula for their burial. For those fortunate enough to cross the border, there was the uncertainty of what challenges awaited them upon arrival to Cairo which only added to their apprehension.
- What does it mean to be a refugee?
- Amira and her family are safe, but what challenges will they face now?
17 April 2019
Historical Context: President Omar al-Bashir was finally overthrown on April 11th, 2019. The military took control and established a new government, called the Transitional Military Council (TMC), aiming to rule for a two-year period before holding elections. However, protesters continued their sit-in outside the military headquarters, wanting a quick transition to a civilian-led government. This period saw tensions between the military and civilian protesters, as both sides negotiated the future political structure of Sudan. After the Sudanese people took control, they worked to provide services for the people that the government had not previously done, like school and medical services.
- Why is it important for all children to be able to go to school?
- Amira took books to the children at the tent school. What materials would you take with you to give to the children to start a new school?
Historical Context: Just a day before, on August 1st, 2019, the Transitional Military Council (TMC) and the Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) agreed on a constitutional declaration, which was an important step towards making a civilian-led transitional government. This agreement came after months of negotiations and protests. The constitutional declaration created a Sovereign Council, made up of both military and civilian representatives, to lead the country for 39 months before elections would be held.
- For more information about graffiti during the Sudanese revolution, click here.
- Why might graffiti be something that makes Amira feel strong?
- How can you use graffiti to show your support for something?
2 August 2019
16 June 2022
Historical Context: Just a week before, on June 9th, 2022, an important meeting between the civilian leaders and military generals took place, arranged by the US and Saudi Arabia, to stop the political crisis. The Forces of Freedom and Change (FFC) continued to demand a clear plan for civilian rule. These discussions wanted a peaceful resolution to the political crisis in Sudan. The US and Saudi Arabia wanted to build trust between civilian and military leaders, hoping to move to a peaceful democratic transition. However, no agreement was reached and the military still had rule over Sudan.
- Why do you think tanks are coming into Khartoum? What do you think the RSF might be planning?
- How would you feel if you saw a bunch of tanks driving into your city?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
22 June 2019
25 October 2021
Historical Context: The people of Sudan wanted to have a democracy, but they agreed to have a temporary government that would help them with a transition to that plan. However, a military coup stopped the transitional process towards democracy. The military takeover was led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and supported by the head of the Rapid Support Forces, General Mohamed Hamdan Daglo "Hemeti." They ended the transitional government, took civilian leaders to prison, and declared a state of emergency. The Sudanese people, who hoped for a smooth transition to a civilian-led democracy, found themselves with another crisis. Protests started across the country against the military takeover, with people wanting a civilian-led transitional government.
- Baba didn’t know how to answer Amira’s question. Why do you think the military and the RSF took over Sudan when that was not what the Sudanese people wanted?
21 December 2022
Historical Context: The people continued to protest for democracy, but the military government didn’t agree with their plan. In Darfur, a state in western Sudan, many people were leaving because they were being attacked. The situation was getting worse in many parts of the country, and the people felt like they were losing hope.
- Why do you think people are leaving Khartoum?
- What do you think will happen to Amira and her family if they stay?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Historical Context: The transitional process for the government was difficult, with the government facing many issues including economic problems, internal conflicts, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which had used up the country's resources. Many Sudanese went to the streets to demand faster reforms and more civilian rule in the transitional government. The protests reflected the continued desire for change and reform among the Sudanese people, as they urged for justice against the “transitional government” for the crimes they were committing.
- Why did the Sudanese people not give up their fight for freedom, even when things got hard?
Historical Context: Mass protests happened again, with the people wanting a complete civilian government leadership. They moved to the president’s house, calling for General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to stop oppressing the people.
- Amira wants the Sudanese people to be able to have enough food, go to school, and go to the doctor if they need help. What kind of things do you think everyone needs to be safe? What do you think makes a good country?
Historical Context:
A war started in Sudan because the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) took over parts of the capital, Khartoum, and started to control areas across Sudan including Darfur, West Kordofan, South Kordofan, North Kordofan, Gezira, White Nile, and other states. This military action made the crisis in the country worse, and ended the hope for peaceful resolution and democratic transition.
- How do you think Amira and her family felt when the war started?
- Amira’s family googled how to stay from bullets. How would you decide what to google?
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
30 June 2020
15 December 2021
15 April 2023
dato
dato
dato
dato
dato
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
dato
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo depoimentos dos seus clientes. As pessoas adoram recomendações, então o depoimento de outros clientes é inestimável.
Aumente a credibilidade do seu produto e serviço inserindo os depoimentos dos seus clientes.
“So, we were there– marching towards Al Keyada Al’Ama [the military headquarters]- and they tried to stop us every time. And if they can’t, they always start off with teargas…people breathing it in…people going back to wash. [The military] thinking people will get less and less, but that day we were a lot and lot. And we started fighting. We had different strategies. We tried to reorganize ourselves in a way where we say people in Buri, Al Mahas [tribe] can start marching the other way.
If those are stopped [Al Mahas], they call us back to the other areas and then we start moving the other side…I don’t want to say it was like a scrimmages…it was like strategies because we knew there were not enough troops to cover every area in Khartoum because there are three access points to Al Keyada Al’Ama through Buri. From the Nile Street, Shari’ [Street] Al Maarad where the police club is there, or you can come from Shari’ (Street) Ebed Al Katim. Access to Al Qeyada Al’Ama from Buri, that's what we used to do…
When people got a lot of tear gas, we feel a little great by doing something else on the other side. So that day they tried this teargas- they couldn’t [stop the people from coming]. They tried the live bullets. Still people were going on. They got shot. Still people were going toward Al Keyada Al’Ama. And then, I saw with my own eyes, when [we] were close to Al Keyada Al’Ama, the troops were just…I saw one of them throw their weapon away in the truck. I don’t know what to say, but he [the soldier] was complaining about something and he was arguing with someone else. One of the troops I think. But, I just realized he looked tired of doing this everyday for a really long time. They go home. They do nothing. They don’t even go home because they stand up the whole…for the whole month and it’s not enough [to get people to leave the sitting area once it is occupied]. Well, that’s all they can do….killing [if they wanted to be more aggressive about getting people to leave].
So I saw that with my own eyes and then car [truck] went away and then another car went away. Then we were catching them. That’s what we do. We catch them to gain more distance and territories. We gain more spaces. When we go there again [to occupy the strip near the military headquarters] it will be a place for us to act.
We were on the three sides [of Buri]. We all met for the first time at Buri Round (Saneeyat Buri). We would never dream to meet all three together. So the three streams…the three streets all come and join together. We all looking at Al Keyada Al’Ama and (M stretched out both his arms as if Al Keyada Al’Ama was right in front of him at that moment in his apartment) it was the very first time we were all looking at the troops. They were making a very big line with their cars and they were waiting for us. And what happened is people said, “we are here, let’s go toward them.” And that’s what happened. They were really brave. I can say I was a bit hesitant to go. If it weren’t for those guys. They just went with naked chests. I wasn’t going to go and follow them; and then I just went and I ran when we got close to the place [HQ]. We thought, because they were there shooting no one and then we all stopped and say “maybe this is a trap” because they’re waiting for us to come to Al Qeyada Al’Ama and start shooting.
There was no time for thinking. We said, “let’s go.” We all ran together. I don’t know where all the people come from. When I look behind, all I see is people. The WhatsApp was still there. The social media was still on. We all ran there. I ran there. And I remember when we cut the chain, of when the troops were holding each other [hand-in-hand] and they were looking at each other. That was a very unusual moment for me because if it was a trap, we are in it now. We were in with the lion, because if it is a trap, we are dead now.
We all went inside [the military headquarters] and then started hugging each other because now we are in a place no one dreamed of being there. I took so many selfies and sent it to many people. I took the selfie with Al Keyada Al’Ama behind me and then people [that I sent the picture to via Whatsapp went replying, “is this right now? Is this live?” People were not believing it.
We were more joyful and happiness to see from the other side of Al Qeyada Al’Ama. The downtown people were coming to the side of us. So we were looking from Buri sides and looking from Shari’ Al Keyada. And then people coming from Al Riyad, Al Dam and Al Sahafa and other neighborhoods from outside and we were all running toward each other. We were going like we were going to fight together, like an army. We were running to each other, but we were hugging each other. We were just jumping, shouting, “Omar Al Bashir [ousted military “president”] khalas [that’ it] he stepped down, there’s no way for him.”
I made so many friends….I don’t know how. I got to see so many friends there. I don’t know how, but they were there. (There was this massive joyful smile that came across his face as he was explaining this story to us.) We took more selfies and stayed there waiting for what’s next.
So that’s very clear that this is the revolution of the people, not political parties. When we were there we had no plan yet for what we gonna happen. We decided to sit-in there, no one else. And after that there were so many political parties came and started visiting the sit-in areas and starting to see what we can. That’s what I remember that happened in that day.”
6 April 2019
Mohammed, Male, mid-40s
15 April 2023
Safa, Part I, Female, late 20s
“So starting from April 15, first of all, just to give you a little more context, it was Ramadan, so usually people sleep at like 6:00 AM. After praying the morning prayers, I went to sleep and I was at my aunt's house and my cousin was next to me and we’re in Amarat, this neighborhood is called Al Amarat. Three hours later my aunt, just like, busted the door open and came in and was like, “the city's on fire” and we were like, “what do you what do you mean?” She's like the things, go pack a bag. She's like, get up, pack a bag, find your passports. And immediately we just got up and did as we were told. And at first I didn't hear anything. I was like, what's happening? And again, because Sudan has been through tumultuous times, like through protests, and so in my mind, and in everyone's mind, it was like, ok our protest probably happened and there's, like, tear gas outside and but it was the bizarre factor… was like, pack a bag where, like, that's never happened. It's usually locked up. They'll stay inside.
When I went to the living room and was headed towards the kitchen, that's when I started hearing the gunshots and it was such a new sound to me. Just because I've never heard artillery like that. And it was so close. That was the scary part. And it was so loud and it was non-stop, like it would be 5 minutes. Everyone just drops to the ground. And again, in Sudanese houses, especially during Ramadan, you have so many people living in the house with you, sleeping over. Cousins, aunts, uncles, grandma, everybody likes to stay at one house or stay nearby. I think the first thought I had was, “Is my grandma ok?” Because she was with us. And so I ran to her room. And thank God she was ok, but we needed to move her from that room to a room that had no windows. And so, and my grandmother is an elderly woman, so she at first was like, why are we moving? She didn't understand. What's happening? But she agreed to move and we just, like, told her, like, “we just have to move. There's fighting happening outside.” We don't know what's going on and at this point I'm staying at my aunt's house and my mother and father are in…like a few streets away from us. They're staying at my other aunt's house. And my sister as well, so immediately, I'm just like, are they ok? How are we going to reach them?
No one's answering phones. There's nothing happening, everyone's just in panic mode of stay away from the windows, get down. At the same time you're trying to find, think where your passport is and think about where, what to pack or what to wear. And closing all of the doors in the house and the window so you're like rushing, but you're also like, your phone is in your hand. Calling everybody you know in the neighborhood, and most of my family lives in that neighborhood, and we're only, let's say five streets to seven streets away from each other. I think it would be really helpful if, like you zoom in on them on like Google Maps and see the neighborhood of Al Amarat because you'll see how the streets are so close to each other. So when I say like our house is 5 streets away, it's literally a 5 minute walk. And this is relevant because it took my parents about four hours to be able to leave that house to come and gather at the house that I was at because the decision by the elders was we're gonna all sit this out in one house together. We need to be together to face this and to deal with this and the other resources and all of that.
So the house my parents were staying at was close to the main road. You know how neighborhoods have houses further into the neighborhood and then there's houses closer to the main road? Their house is closer to the main road, which leads to the airport. And the airport was, we later learned, was like the first place that was hit. There was even a flight that was supposed to depart when the fighting started, but it got shot down and the passengers were evicted and attacked and injured and I think there was even a death. So the streets where my parents house, where my aunt’s house and my parents were staying was like a World War II scene. Where it was like the most… Like I, I don't know how to explain. How in my head I would think like modern warfare is drones and you don't really see the two forces. But this was so sudden and so you literally saw the two forces– like the Army and the RSF– just like fighting like World War II style. Thankfully my parents… Uh again, like it took them four hours to safely strategize how to get to the main house, let's call it [that]. And they also just packed their passports, change of clothes and like we're dressed just like, we're ready to go anywhere. And the shooting started getting really bad at… so let's say this was like 9:00 AM. My parents got around to us, around like 1:00 PM.
4:00 PM to like 1:00 AM the shooting was non-stop and there was not… There's cameras installed inside, outside of the house. Like most houses. And there was not like a rat outside. You could have heard a pin drop, that’s how silent it was. You couldn't hear anything. And then the shooting would start again. So it was. These hours of like freeze, stay away from the windows. They [Military & RSF] look like they've calmed down. Maybe they're switching ammo and you would not hear anything outside, not a neighbor, not a bird.
And that first day is like when we started, because we were also worried about the Internet being cut out. So we started Googling how to protect your house from bullets and conflict. You'd be surprised what's on the Internet. So immediately we took out like, one tip was– put mattresses against the window. And so we pulled out all of the mattresses and put them against the window. They [said to] sleep on the floor. So we did that as well. Like we laid mattresses on the floor and rugs on the floor and moved everybody to the floor. Another tip was to ration your food. So we also started taking stock of what food we had. And nobody slept. And at the same time, like everyone's fasting still. You know when the sunsets cautiously, like trying to go to the kitchen and make small meals and usually like the typical basic sudani meal is like food, which is like a type of bean. And so we would try to make food, and thankfully, the first night, electricity wasn't cut. And the Internet wasn't cut, so we were able to do those two really important things, which is like secure the house and figure out food for today. Now we have two families in one house. We still had a third family.
It's really sad, but like a lot of people in my family have diabetes and my grandma also has diabetes and like my uncle, my aunt and at the time we didn't even think of that, if I'm being honest with you. Like the first day, April 15 to 16, it was just let's just not get killed like, let’s just not get hit by a stray bullet. And let's make sure people are fed, so nobody passes out or anything like that. I think it was the third day where we're like, ok, we need to figure out medication because when my father came, he also has umm, he's on like he has blood pressure medication and he left it at his sister's house. Fortunately, my other uncle is also on blood pressure medication. They would just share their medication and that's how it went for like two days– people just sharing, they're like, ok, what do you have? Come, I have some. We'll just share until we figure something out.
It was, I want to say, the second day when we started hearing bombs. And the third day is when we started hearing fighter jets. And that was the scariest of them all because you would hear it and maybe like seven seconds you would hear the explosion. You'd hear the jet take off, like above your house. And it was so loud. The eerily quiet silence of the bomb dropping and the explosion and the aftermath and then the windows would shake.
I think this is where I began, like pushing or like, telling people to get out or and, again, this is because we were in a neighborhood close to the airport. And the airport was like the first point of conflict. The urgency to leave was like do or die for us. It didn't feel like we could wait this out. It felt like they could come in at any second. I think it was the third day that the water pipe was hit so half the house had no water. And then the electricity was cut.
I think it was the 4th day where we had a discussion of like we need to figure a way to leave and go to Egypt. Because we were… we had no… like, when you're in that state you have two options. Stay. Stay and try to wait this out. But when you're that close to the fire, to the line of fire, you're like I won't survive. And the second option is you leave and you risk the road. And I think that was the biggest clash in the family internally. It's like we're going to die on the road, but ultimately the way my family thought about this was like we would rather all be together and face something altogether than stay and do nothing. And right now the borders of Egypt are open. It's a very high risk. But it's that or wait for your death. We're very fortunate– obviously I'm here right now, so it was the right decision.
It's so devastating for so many people– this decision to leave because you're leaving everything behind. And again, because we were at the line of fire, we didn't care about anything. We left materialism, property, cars- we were just like, we just need to get ourselves out and not die in the process. We left everything behind. The only thing we took with us were our passports. And, I'm sure you know about the Sudanese culture of gold, so we packed our gold. Which was also very risky because on the way you could be stopped and searched or mugged and attacked, and if they find gold, it's over for you. So we actually got saran wrap and taped everything important to our bodies and then wore the jalabiya, the Sudanese jalabiya, and then on top of it we would wear the abaya. One of my aunts actually sewed her gold into her turban. That was the only thing we took with us because it was too risky to take cash. Uh, maybe take a little bit of cash for… you might need to bribe somebody, you might need to pay an RSF soldier who might stop you. So take a little bit of cash. Obviously we can't take anything else because it was a trip of either death or life. We took money in the form of gold and a little bit of cash so that, if we were to live, we could at least eat wherever we reached. And if we made it to Egypt, we could at least enter Egypt and pay for our visas. If we have to swap gold or something we could do that. It was really just about survival.
The day before we decided to leave we prayed a prayer called istikhara which is a prayer that you pray like when you're trying to come up with a decision and the whole point is to kind of reflect on that decision and that Allah (God) will basically guide you to what that decision should be. So it was about 20 family members in the living room, praying this prayer together before we would take off the next day. And it was actually so beautiful because in the background was fighter jets and gunshots, but the peace and the tranquility in that space that we created at that moment… like, we really felt like we were being shielded by a divine power. And so that was very beautiful. I'll never forget that prayer. Like it felt like the very connection of our family together and in the midst of this horrifying nightmare and all of the traumatizing and loud gunshots and sounds and bombs. There was like this, almost a bubble of light, we all felt in that moment. Because we were at that point– we accepted death. We were like, this is the end and we're together and it's ok. So we just surrendered. It was the most spiritual experience for me.”
19 April 2023
Safa, Part II, Female, late 20s
“The next morning my cousin and I had to go get water for the journey, because it would take us at least two days to get to the border. And this is where… I think everything changed for me since that day. I don't think I'm still the same person. But, we went to get water from a supermarket close by that we knew was still opening from the back door. When [my cousin] parked the car and got out there was an army. There were Army soldiers in pickup trucks. And they had, I don't know what the word is... I don't know what the name of it, but it's, you know, the pickup trucks and they have artillery in the back and then they do this with it [Safa mimes rotating machine gun]. So there were Army soldiers on two pickup trucks and it seemed like they were... it was like a checkpoint and there were Army soldiers on the ground. And a car passed by and they started shooting at that car. And I'm..the car is parked like this is… I'll use my fingers. This is the store. This is my car that I'm parked in, like sitting in. [Holds up two fingers very close together.] Uh, my cousin is inside the store, and I'm in this parking. This parked car. And here is the shooting. And it was about, I want to say, 100 meters away from me, maybe less. And immediately when this car passed by and was headed towards that checkpoint the shooting happened. The bullets were… I was in the line of fire of these bullets. I just remember.. I'm, again, I'm in the passenger seat in a car. Where do you hide? I just remember tucking myself– where you know, where you put your feet in the car. And I like… I'm a tall girl. I [don’t] think I could fit, but you make it fit. You make yourself fit. My cousin's yelling from the shop, turn off the car!’ And at the time, you just listen, but later I was like, “why did you tell me to turn off the car in that moment?” He's just like, “because if a bullet hit the car, it might have, like, caused a fire.” So I was like, tucked in and just reached over and did that. And waited for the shooting to stop and the mirror, the side mirror of the driver’s side was hit by a bullet. And the car, just like, did that [demonstrates shaking]. So I just said my prayers and was ready to go. Kind of. Like, you know, it just.. I wasn't meant to be hit that day, although by all means and purposes I should have been. And that's what blows my mind when I think back on that moment. And when the shooting stopped and they hit that car, my cousin ran out of the store. And got whatever bottles of water he could grab. Put it in the car and we just sped off and went back to the house and got on the bus.
Thank God for that water, honestly, because the road to Egypt… It's a very long road. Driving the desert for hours and, again, we're traveling with elderly. We're traveling with children. We're traveling with people with chronic diseases. And people on all sorts of medications that you need. And despite being where the Nile runs, you still need… you can't just pull up to the Nile and figure out your water. [You] need to go buy water. And yeah, so I think on the fifth day is when we left the city. On the road we got stopped by the army. They came up they came and searched the bus. And he said one word, “family? And he looked at us like that and we just all nodded like this. And he was like, OK, go. And he just left. So thank God he didn't want anything or say anything or suspect anything.
We reached the city of Dongola, safely rested for a few hours in this incredibly hospitable family. Fed like 20 of us– it was full on like three-course meal and they wanted nothing in return. They opened their house. And [said], “just come and eat before you. At least just rest before you go.” And it was so helpful because again, like my grandmother was there and like my elderly aunts and uncles. And it was such a difficult journey for them. Everyone was obviously on survival mode like again, this is five days of barely any sleep. You're just like, ok, let me try to sleep. Just to have a little bit of energy. And most of the times you can't sleep. And so this was the first time it was quiet. And the stark difference between our neighborhood and the further away we got from Amarat. People were living their lives normally, like we passed by a market and it was operating and we're just like, “you guys don't know what's happening?”
That was, I think the most… the quietness. Not hearing the fighter jets, and the bombs, and the gunshots the further we got. It was bizarre because my whole body, everyone's body, was just tense the entire five days. And when we [left it] was quiet. You couldn't sleep because you were just [thinking] like something's about to happen like you. [We] could not let go. But your ears started working again, because again, when you're hearing a lot of high, loud explosions and things I think something happens to your hearing, I don't know what it is. It's like, you know, when you fly and there's like pressure in your ear? It felt like that. And any sound, like if someone were to close the door, to slam the door a little bit too hard, everybody would jump. So that was, I think, also a bizarre night we spent in Dongola.
We are very, very, very, very lucky, because by all means it does not make sense for me to be here. And I think just to paint the picture, Amarat was so quiet, apart from like the occasional gunshots you would hear and the bombs. It was just so bizarre to see so empty and the houses with the doors all locked. You can see the gunshots outside the windows and the– I don't know what it is– the tar? The ash? From like the explosions?
And the worst part, of course, were the dead bodies that you would see in random points. You didn't know when you would look outside the window and see a dead body. There was a body I saw that was just surrounded by dogs. And there's just no dignity in war. There's no time to bury anyone. It's not safe for you to go out. I remember I heard one of our neighbors passed and they buried her in.. So you couldn't go to the graveyard. You couldn't do anything. It was very much… there's no dignity and I think that was a very harsh realization to have through all of this. Obviously this terrible thing is happening to me while I'm alive, but even in my death, I probably will not be buried. I would be lucky if someone passes by and covers my body. But that's how violent it was. And it still is. Nobody thought it would be going on for this long, obviously.
What keeps some of these people going, it’s that family dynamic of that collectivist– we'll face anything together. To survive, and want to survive, and not just surrender– you have, you feel like this power in, and the number of your family. That was like our saving grace, for me personally.
Before we left, my uncle said, “right now we have two options. Tomorrow we're going to have one.” And that was a big wake up call and I think I'll never forget that because, I think this is like a huge lesson in life. Our house was not broken into, we still had the choice of leaving. And he's like, “tomorrow when they come in through our door, we will not have any choice. So it's either now. At least we have the choice of leaving tomorrow. That choice is going to be taken away from us by force.” So that was another deciding factor of like, we're not going to leave it up to… So, get on this bus right now. Because everyone, again, like you're talking about like a family of like, 20 people. So there are going to be people who are not wanting to leave and saying, no, I'm too sick or I'm too old or I'm too… Or I can't leave my house behind. Not everyone is going to agree. But when he said that everyone was like, “Ok. we're getting on this bus.” Yeah, just the concept of like if something were to happen… we’d rather it happened to all of us. Together. Than us being like separated or attacked and, God forbid, anything like killed… But let's just face that, all of that together.”
E22 April 2023
Hiba, Female, early 40s
“You know, nobody, just nobody woke up and decided to leave. That is a very, very difficult decision to make and, as you rightly pointed out, there are a lot of logistical considerations. Because of the situation, there are a lot of logistical challenges to staying and logistical challenges to going. And it just became a very difficult balance of, you know, what is the right decision. What's best for my family? What's best for my 76 year old Father, he can't move. But knowing that I also have to make sure I get my kids out of this before they're, you know, traumatized, before they're at risk of being exposed to a traumatic incident at any moment in time because everybody was on their toes. You know, they could barge into your house at any moment. Someone could get shot. We were hearing shelling, bombing. There were airstrikes inside residential neighborhoods. Nobody knew what was going on. So you know, coming to the point of making a decision to move in itself was a very grueling process. And I can assure you that every single family in Khartoum had a huge family dispute at some point because there were always different opinions on what the right thing to do was. What the safe thing to do was, what was prudent… it wasn't whether it was an emotional decision or whether it was a practical decision. It was a logical decision given all of the different factors.
On the 22nd of April we made a move from Khartoum and we had spent almost every day for about a week before that trying to arrange transportation outside of our neighborhood. And obviously it wasn't safe at all to drive personal vehicles. Because they were threatened to be stolen by the RSF and nobody knew what was going on. We didn't know who was looting. But all you knew is that your personal vehicle wasn't safe and my primary concern was not getting into a car. And worrying if we will be confronted by anyone that could cause any kind of emotional damage or or trauma to my children. And of course, there was always this threat of being looted of your personal belongings because you needed this money to make the journey outside of Sudan. And if you were looted early on on the journey, then you'd be stuck and stranded with little hopes of getting any financial support from outside of the country or from within the country.
So we spent about a week trying to figure out someone to help us get out of Khartoum. Personal vehicles were on very low fuel anyway and there was very little possibility of getting fuel even from the black market.
The black market, of course, flourished. In these circumstances because there was shortages of everything– shortages of water, shortages of electricity, medicine, supplies and, of course, fuel was one of the primary commodities that people were looking for. So they came at very high prices, if even available. Bus tickets, of course, became extremely expensive. But first you had to find a way to actually make it to the bus stations where these buses made a move towards Aswan. Which is where we were heading to on the Egyptian border– it’s the land port between Sudan and Egypt.
You spend your hours and hours and hours on WhatsApp, on very unstable Internet connectivity during electricity cuts, trying to figure out a way to find a bus, a reliable bus. One of the things that was becoming very common was that bus drivers would actually strike deals with multiple people at the same time trying to find the highest price. And then, you know, you'd pack your stuff, you'd be ready. And they just they'd stand you up because they went to someone else at a higher price. So that was also the cause of a lot of tension because you didn't know if this person was going to show up or not and you risked being out on the streets.
So on the day we finally did find a bus driver that actually did show up, it was April 22nd. And it was a minibus. It's called a heist, which is kind of like a minivan. And its capacity is for 15 people. We were 32 people. We had no option. You know, you don't have the luxury of comfort. So we just crammed into that. We had to wait for family to come from a nearby neighborhood. My aunts and my cousins had to make their way over to our house while they were shooting because we had to move from the same place. We couldn't risk actually picking them up. We had a few other friends and family in-laws with us, so it was a total of about 32 people.
And the most striking moment for me was, you know, all of that planning and all of the decision making and the arguments and and and the pros and cons and all of that just led up to the moment we were standing outside our door. You know, deciding to leave our home behind, not knowing if we're ever going to see it again. Your family's hard work, your parents’ hard work, their legacy. Your children's legacy, where you grew up, I mean, I remember the stories my mom used to tell me about how difficult it was for her to build this house. It took 14 years and all of the long journeys under the Sun.
We had no idea. We hadn't seen the street for almost three weeks since the fighting broke out. We had no idea what to expect. We had been, of course, absorbing a lot of information from social media about people being dead on the streets and people dying on their way out of Khartoum. And you just took all of that with you on that journey so some of us were quiet, some were crying, some were panicking. But everybody was suffering in their own way and it was surprisingly extremely empty. Like all of the streets were very, very empty. It was the second day of aid and it was actually also coinciding with the time that the UN had requested the ceasefire so that they could evacuate foreign nationals and that was the reason why we chose that time because we thought, you know, it might be safer, even though both parties weren't really credible at keeping up ceasefire agreements. But it was very, very quiet.
The bus driver was trying to navigate and anticipate– they'd call other bus drivers ahead of them to see what the road was like. And everything we were hearing was that people kept running into either the armed forces or the RSF. We didn't know which was worse. Apparently, you know, the army was friendlier, but you just never know what to expect.
So very luckily, we only ran into one blockade, which was right at the end of Halfaya Bridge. And it was the army. They stopped us and they just asked, are you family? We all look very much alike and I guess they figured it out. And we're like, yes, we are family and they're like, ok, you can pass through. And I think the relief was just tremendous because we didn't know what they're gonna say. We didn't know if they're gonna say, you know, you need to get down. We need to search you. Go back. We had no idea what they were gonna say. So when they let us through, I think that was a really big moment of relief for everyone.
My father, he's 76, so it was a very difficult ride for him and we're trying to keep him company, trying to keep him distracted. And I think everybody was trying to act like everything was alright, but nothing was alright at all. We went on from Halfaya Bridge to a bus port called Kandahar, which is where all of the buses heading to Aswan gathered. It was chaos over there, absolute chaos. There's nowhere to stay and the thing is that all of these facilities aren't designed to absorb huge capacities of people. Land transportation is really neglected in Sudan and nobody uses it unless forced to so they're not designed for comfort. They're not designed for basic services as well. Most of them are used by transportation companies for transport of products and services to and from Egypt. There were zero facilities. You couldn't find basic food. You couldn't find clean water easily. There were queues for everything. And yet again the black market trying to take advantage of the situation. They weren't even prepared for this amount of people. There was one…I don't know if I can call it a hotel, but it's a small building where there were basically beds that you could rent, but it was fully booked. You could rent a bed, but you had to sleep out in the street in the open. The price for a bed sort of doubled overnight and then tripled the next night. So we rented a little small space for my dad because he needed to lay down somewhere. We rented about four or five beds for the rest of the family, giving priority to my pregnant cousin, who was nine months pregnant. We were extremely worried that she go into labor. We were trying to avoid that at all cost because it would have been a disaster with no medical access. No doctors or medicine and the whole situation was very unhygienic for a delivery of any kind.
We stayed there overnight thinking that we would leave the next morning. But, there were huge fights over bus tickets and queues and of course people trying to get tickets at any cost, which again further fueled the black market situation. People were getting into fights because they had bought tickets and tried to get on the bus and found out that the tickets were sold out. It was extremely chaotic. We just spent the whole day trying to not die of dehydration and heat strokes. And to take care of my father, who is starting to struggle a bit on the health side and emotionally as well. He hadn't left the house in about three years now. So suddenly, from the safety of his room. And if you know my dad very well he doesn't like changing rooms within our own house, and now he suddenly found himself in this very strange context, overstimulated by sounds and sights that he's never even seen before. And it was just all very confusing to him at this age. And at some point he started hallucinating and telling me that he wanted to go home and how far it was until we got home. And I just didn't know what to tell him.
We spent the night in Kandahar and made a move the next day around 5:00 PM. The plan was for us to stop in Dongola, which is a city in north Sudan. We were supposed to just stop there for an hour to refuel because supposedly there was a better service facility in Dongala, but we ended up having to spend the night in a bungalow because other bus drivers told us that there were armed thieves in the road ahead. We didn't know if they were RSF or they were just bandits. But the bus driver decided we would have to spend the night as it was too dangerous to move in the dark. There's very little lighting along these roads.
We spent the night again in the open air and rented some more beds. Trying to just brush your teeth– because water is a luxury and you'd have to make a very conscious decision of whether you wanted to use your water to brush your teeth or to drink it. Or to go to a non-existent toilet– that was a really big dilemma for everybody. And of course, you know, some people could survive, but there are others, people with kidney failure or people who were pregnant, for example, who found it very difficult to abstain from going to the toilet for days at a time. So yeah, you just have to find your way around and it's just a very uncomfortable situation, to say the least. And of course, very unhygienic because with that amount of people openly defecating it also meant severe risk of disease outbreaks. Zero health facilities, no immunization facilities for children, no antibiotics to be found anywhere, there's not even a glimpse of any pharmacy. The best you can find is some very small shack that might have chips or water, at best, and basic tea and coffee that tasted like mud. For the record, I'm convinced we were drinking mud at some point.
So yeah, we spent the night in Dongula and from there we finally made it to Egypt, which was the worst part by far. That journey – we definitely didn't know what to expect, but it just kept getting worse. I think once we finally got past the point where we didn't die, we thought, ok, we can handle it from here on. But that wasn't the case, right? Because once we got to Egypt, there was a huge blow to our expectations. We were very happy that we finally reached the port. And in our simple minds at the time, that meant we would soon cross the border.
We ended up staying for five days and five nights and at the border. When we arrived there were already 88 buses in front of our’s and there was a huge block. The buses weren't moving and administrative services had stopped. We had no idea what was happening. Every bus had approximately 52 people. They're all the same size. They're one of those travel and tourism buses, so they're fairly standard. So 88 buses times 52 people– thousands of people. All of them had to go through passport checks, visa checks. The port wasn't ready to absorb this amount of traffic. At the same time, you could tell that there was a lot of speculation and debate and deliberation over what to do with this amount of people and that there was hesitancy on the Egyptian side of just opening the border without some caution.
We slept over the first night thinking that we can move the next day. Nothing moved the second day and it just became an endless sea of trash and sick people and people breaking down. Four people died in five days. Two of them had kidney failure and failed to get their dialysis. One over the heart attack and I'm not sure what the fourth cause of death was, but I'm pretty convinced it's probably around grief. A heart attack or something similar because it was just a harrowing sight.
It was very ironic because you kept running into people you knew in a very, very strange situation. Random people would just hug each other and cry. We were still hit by disbelief. I met former work colleagues, professors at my university, just people from all walks of life. All confused, all not knowing. You don’t know what was happening or what's going to happen. If we were going to make it across the border, we're going to be stuck as refugees. I think that everyone was thinking the same thing. We're IDPs right now because we're still on our side of the border. We're still sitting on Sudanese soil. But once we pass that mark, there's the new side of the border, then there's the neutral zone, which is about 20 to 30 meters, which is a no man's land, and then once you pass to Egypt, onto the Egyptian side of the border, you're officially a refugee. And that hit me so hard. I could feel it physically like, you know. That's when everything started to come together for me, like I'm actually a refugee.
It doesn't matter where you're from. It doesn't matter how educated you are. Or how well off you are, how privileged you are, what kind of life you led, what work you do, you know, being a refugee is a refugee. And it's not just about the need for basic services. It's the feeling of being without a home. And being open and vulnerable to another country's rules and to xenophobia and to unpredictability and to, you know, not being welcome. It was just a lot to think about.”